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⏱️ Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)

An RTOS is a lightweight operating system designed for embedded devices that guarantees execution of tasks within strict, deterministic time constraints.

📖 Key Topics

  1. Deterministic Scheduling: Preemptive priority scheduling, time slicing, and rate-monotonic analysis (RMA).
  2. Task Management: Creating tasks, priorities, stack allocations, and task states (Running, Ready, Blocked, Suspended).
  3. Inter-Task Communication:
    • Queues: Passing data blocks between tasks.
    • Semaphores & Mutexes: Access control for shared hardware resources.
  4. Common Issues:
    • Priority Inversion: A low-priority task holds a mutex needed by a high-priority task, while a medium-priority task runs. Resolved via Priority Inheritance.
  5. Popular RTOS: FreeRTOS, Zephyr RTOS, VxWorks, RT-Thread.