Absoluta

A cryptographic system implementing a variation of the one-time pad with an expanded character set and salt insertion mechanism.

Overview

Absoluta is a symmetric encryption system that achieves perfect secrecy through a combination of large ciphertext alphabet, random salt insertion, and XOR masking. The system provides billions to trillions of possible combinations per source character, depending on the chosen cipher alphabet.

Core Algorithm

Key Components

• Seed: 32 hexadecimal characters (128 bits of entropy)
• Salt probability: 3-digit value (000-999) controlling salt insertion frequency
• Position weights: Three digits (0-3) determining salt placement probabilities
• Cipher alphabet: Unicode character set loaded from external file (supports multiple alphabets)

Encryption Process

For each source character:

1. Convert source character to its index in the source alphabet (0-94 for ASCII)
2. Generate random Y value from cipher alphabet
3. Determine salt presence based on probability parameter
4. If salt is present:
   • Select salt position using cyclic weight algorithm
   • Generate random salt value
   • Construct triplet [salt, X, Y] in determined order
5. If no salt:
   • Construct pair [X, Y]
6. Convert all indices to cipher alphabet symbols

Salt Position Selection

The system uses a cyclic selection algorithm with configurable weights:

• Weight 0: 0% chance
• Weight 1: 33% chance
• Weight 2: 66% chance
• Weight 3: 99% chance

Positions are checked cyclically (left -> middle -> right -> repeat) until selection occurs.

XOR Masking

After the main encryption, an XOR mask is applied:

1. Generate mask of same length as intermediate ciphertext using separate RNG seeded with key
2. XOR each ciphertext symbol index with corresponding mask value
3. Convert resulting indices back to cipher alphabet symbols

This ensures avalanche effect: changing one bit in the seed completely alters the final ciphertext.

Authentication

To protect against tampering, Absoluta adds HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) to each encrypted message:

1. After encryption, the system computes HMAC-SHA256 using the seed as the key
2. The HMAC is appended to the ciphertext separated by a pipe character (|)
3. During decryption, the HMAC is verified before any decryption occurs
4. If the HMAC doesn't match, the system rejects the message as tampered

This provides integrity protection — any modification to the ciphertext will be detected and the decryption will be aborted.

Cipher Alphabets

The system supports multiple cipher alphabets stored in the alphabets\ folder:

• alphabet1660.txt: 1635 unique Unicode characters (primarily extended Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, and special symbols)
• alphabet7705.txt: 7705 unique Unicode characters (includes extended symbols, emojis, math symbols, and more)

The program automatically:

• Scans the alphabets\ folder for all .txt files
• Counts the real number of characters in each file (not relying on filenames)
• Displays the actual size in the interface
• Loads the selected alphabet on demand

Alphabet Statistics

Alphabet	Real Size	Combinations per Character
alphabet1660.txt	1,635	~4.37 × 10⁹
alphabet7705.txt	5,483	~4.95 × 10¹¹

Security Properties

Combinatorial Complexity

With the default 1660-character alphabet:

• Single character: 3×1660³ + 1660² ≈ 1.37×10¹⁰ combinations
• 10 characters: approximately 10¹⁰¹ combinations
• 100 characters: approximately 10¹⁰¹³ combinations

With the larger alphabet (5483 real characters):

• Single character: 3×5483³ + 5483² ≈ 4.95×10¹¹ combinations
• 10 characters: approximately 10¹¹⁷ combinations
• 100 characters: approximately 10¹¹⁷⁰ combinations

Key Space

• Seed: 2¹²⁸ possible values
• Salt probability: 1000 variations
• Position weights: 64 variations
• Total keys: approximately 2¹⁴⁴ ≈ 2.2×10⁴³

Cryptographic Strength

• Full avalanche effect through XOR masking
• Resistance to frequency analysis due to multiple representations per character
• No deterministic relationship between plaintext and ciphertext
• Mathematical perfect secrecy when key is truly random and used once
• Larger alphabets exponentially increase security
• Integrity protection via HMAC-SHA256 authentication

System Requirements

• Python 3.8 and higher interpreter
• At least one cipher alphabet file in alphabets\ directory
• Basically, all you need to do to run the program is place the alphabets\ folder and absoluta.py file in the same directory

Usage

1. Execute absoluta.py with any Python 3.8 and higher interpreter
2. Select source alphabet (ASCII, Russian, or Mathematical)
3. Enter text in the input field
4. Select a cipher alphabet from the dropdown (the program shows the real character count)
5. Configure key parameters:
   • Seed (32 hex characters, can be generated automatically)
   • Salt probability (000-999)
   • Position weights (0-3 for each position)
6. Select mode (Encrypt or Decrypt)
7. Click "Execute"
8. Results appear in the output field

The system validates all parameters before encryption or decryption and provides clear error messages for invalid inputs.

Adding Custom Alphabets

To add your own cipher alphabet:

1. Create a .txt file with your desired Unicode characters
2. Place it in the alphabets\ folder
3. The program will automatically detect it on next launch
4. The real character count will be displayed in the dropdown menu

The program supports any UTF-8 or UTF-8-BOM encoded text file with Unicode characters.